The Disease of Legionnaires|这就是退伍军人吗？

The Disease of Legionnaires

by William Ryan

One small problem at a hotel caused the death of a lot of guests.

　　Legionellosis, also called Legionnaires' disease, is a bacterial infection that has been proven to be fatal. It first _(1)_ in 1976, when an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a newly recognized organism occurred among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The disease is actually an unusual form of pneumonia that has no particular clinical features that are clearly distinguishable _(2)_ other types. The source of the outbreak was traced to water in the cooling towers of the hotel hosting the convention. The bacteria living there were spread in the water droplets coming out of the air conditioning system. Out of the 221 cases of Legionnaires' disease reported, 34 people died. This outbreak caused quite a _(3)_ in the US.

　　An estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people contract Legionnaires' disease in the United States each year. Some infected people show only mild to no _(4)_ at all. Outbreaks of the disease receive lots of media attention, but it most frequently occurs in single, _(5)_ cases.

　　People of any age may be infected with Legionnaires' disease. The illness most often  _(6)_ middle-aged and elderly people, particularly cigarette smokers and those with chronic lung disease. Also at higher risk are people _(7)_ immune systems are suppressed by diseases such as cancer, kidney failure, diabetes, and AIDS. Recent improvements in the design and maintenance of cooling systems have been effective in limiting the growth and spread of the Legionella bacteria. This means that the rate of fatalities has shrunk from 30 percent to less than five percent when victims are quickly treated with antibiotics.

1. (A) vanished (B) competed (C) emerged (D) persisted

2. (A) from (B) with (C) about (D) into

3. (A) mixture (B) sympathy (C) courtesy (D) panic

4. (A) exceptions (B) obstacles (C) resolutions (D) symptoms

5. (A) tragic (B) isolated (C) racial (D) sufficient

6. (A) affects (B) unites (C) accuses (D) confines

7. (A) who (B) that (C) whose (D) whom

 

这就是退伍军人吗？

一个在旅馆内的小麻烦造成了很多宾客的死亡。

　　军团病，又称退伍军人症，已被证实是一种会致命的细菌感染。它在 1976 年首次出现，当时爆发了一种新被认知的微生物所引起的肺炎，这种肺炎发生在来参加宾州费城市所举行美国退伍军人协会的人身上。这种疾病事实上是一种罕见的肺炎，它并没有特别的医学临床病征能让人清楚地分辨它与其他肺炎的不同。这次爆发的根源可追溯至主办这次会议旅馆冷却水塔内的水。水塔内的细菌从空调系统中的水气散布出来。被报导出来的两百二十一起退伍军人症案例中有三十四人死亡。这次疫情爆发造成美国社会的恐慌。

　　据估计，美国每年约有八千至一万八千人染上退伍军人症。有些感染者只显示出轻微症状，甚至可能一点症状也没有。退伍军人症疫情爆发都会受到许多媒体的关注，但这种疾病最常发生于单一的个案中。

　　任何年龄层的人都可能会染上退伍军人症。而这种疾病最常侵袭中、老年人，尤其是吸烟者以及那些慢性肺病患者。那些免疫系统受某些疾病所抑制的人也是高危险群，如癌症、肾衰竭、糖尿病及艾滋病患者。近来冷却系统的设计及维修上得到改善，已经有效地抑制退伍军人症杆菌的增长及扩散。这意味着如果感染者能尽速接受抗生素治疗，死亡率就能从百分之三十降到百分之五以下。

答案： 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B

6. A 7. C