Chile Quake May Have Shortened Earth's Day
智利地震缩短地球时间
The Earth's days may have gotten a little shorter since the massive earthquake in Chile, but don't feel bad if you haven't noticed. The difference would only be about one-millionth of a second. Richard Gross, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and other colleagues calculated that the quake on February 27 shortened the day by 1.26 microseconds, which is around one-millionth of a second.
An earthquake can make the Earth rotate faster by nudging some of its mass closer to the planet's axis, just as ice skaters can speed up their spins by pulling in their arms. Conversely, a quake can slow the Earth's rotation and lengthen the day if it redistributes the mass away from its axis, Gross said.
智利发生强震后,地球一天的时间可能微幅缩短,但如果你没注意到也别觉得不开心。因为这时间的差异只有大约百万分之一秒。美国航天总署位于加州巴莎迪那的喷气推进实验室的科学家查德‧格罗斯及其他同事计算,2月 27 日这场地震将地球的一天缩短了 1.26微秒,约等于一百万分之一秒。
格罗斯表示,地震会把地球部分质量推近地轴,使地球自转速度加快,就像溜冰选手转圈的时候,藉由将手臂向内收进来而加速旋转。相反地,如果地震将质量重新分配推离地轴,就会放慢地球自转的速度,加长一天的时间。
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2010 年 2月 27 日智利发生芮氏规模 8.8 的地震,这场地震近一个月后,居民已慢慢回到正常生活。虽然这次智利地震的强度较海地地震大得多,但地震造成的损害却有限,伤亡人数比起海地少了至少千倍。
根据《基督教科学箴言报》报导,由于该地区发生地震的历史悠久,智利人在地震方面有相当的『觉察意识』,因此大众建设都以高标准来建设。
智利是世界上最多地震的国家,预防演练教育和长期经验累积让居民对于地震时有熟练的应对方式。然而,智利之所以死亡人数较少,也是因为地震并未发生在如海地太子港那样人口稠密的地区。在海地太子港,城市大半建筑,甚至连几座政府建筑都倒塌了,而这正是海地必须向智利学习且所面临最重大的挑战之一。
Obama Signs Historic Health Plan as Fight Shifts to Mid-term Elections
欧巴马签署健保法案 期中选战一触即发
US President Barack Obama signed his historic health care overhaul into law at the White House and will now wage an all-out push to win over wary US voters ahead of the November elections. With an eye on the same critical mid-term contest, the president's Republican foes in the US Senate were poised to make political war on the last piece of his blueprint for near-universal coverage.
Senior White House adviser David Axelrod said Obama had never been happier than he was late Sunday, when the House of Representatives passed the core of his plan. "I haven't seen the president so happy about anything, other than his family, as long as I've known him and worked with him," Axelrod said. "Even election night, he was not as excited as last night."
美国总统巴拉克.欧巴马在白宫签署了极具历史意义的健保改革法案,现在他将在 11 月的选举之前,全力以赴对小心翼翼的美国选民进行拉票。对关键性的期中选举亦虎视眈眈的美国参议院共和党(即欧巴马政党的反对党)已蓄势待发,准备针对欧巴马这最后一项几乎将全民纳入健保的蓝图引发政治大战。
白宫资深顾问戴维‧艾克塞罗德说,当众议院于周日稍晚通过欧巴马这项计划的核心原则时,是欧巴马有史以来最开心的时刻。艾克塞罗德表示:『自我认识他及与他共事以来,除了他的家人以外,我从没看到总统因为任何事而这么开心过。就连选举的那个晚上,他也没有昨晚这么兴奋。』
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台湾民众对于健保似乎视之理所当然,因此对于美国众议院刚刚通过的健保法案的历史意义,往往知其然而不知其所以然。
美国医疗保险到底有哪些缺陷?首先,美国是世界唯一还没有全民纳入医疗保险的先进国家。目前美国仍有超过 4 千万人没有任何医疗保险的保障。其次是美国现有的医疗保险制度官商并存而且成本高昂,美国医疗方面的开支就达到国民生产总值的 16.2%,相当于其它先进国家的两倍。
除了美国医疗保障覆盖率不足与成本高昂外,起码有几百万美国人的医疗保险额不够。他们生重病还需要自行支付医疗费用。美国一半的个人破产案例都跟高昂的医疗费用有关。医疗成本的增加,也意味着政府在医疗福利方面的开支不断上升,从而成为导致美国财政赤字的主要因素。目前美国众议院通过的健保法案,就是将医疗保障覆盖率增加到 95%,也不允许民间保险对个人医疗支出有上限规定,更不可以拒保重症者。(数据源:中时电子报)