Surviving in the Wild|野外求生

by Bruce Bagnell

How to survive if something bad happens in the wilderness.

No one would ever want to be lost or stranded in the wilderness. While the chances of being stuck on the side of a mountain or getting lost in the woods are very low, it never hurts to know what to do to survive in such a situation. It could mean the difference between life and death.

If you are lost in the wilderness, the first step is to find shelter that will provide protection from the elements. _(1)_ In cold climates, staying dry is extremely important. A layer of wet clothes combined with a chill in the air could prove deadly in the wild. Wet extremities, such as fingers and toes, can become frostbitten in a matter of minutes. In hotter climates, another danger exists. _(2)_

Since humans can live without food longer than they can live without water, it is essential to find drinkable water as soon as possible. If you are near a river or lake, dig a small hole several feet away. This helps filter the water before you drink it. _(3)_ In the morning, the dew that has collected on the tarp can be drunk.

Should your time in the wild be longer than expected, finding food will be necessary. Foraging for nuts and berries is sometimes the best option, but it is important to eat only what you're familiar with. _(4)_

Of course, the best way to survive in the wilderness is to be prepared beforehand. If there's any chance of you getting lost, schedule a time to check in with someone and stick to it. _(5)_

(A) Direct exposure to the sun may result in heatstroke or dehydration.

(B) By telling others where you're going and what you're planning to do, potential disasters could be avoided.

(C) A cave, a hollowed-out tree, or even large rocks can provide needed shelter from the wind.

(D) Elements in the air may cause watery eyes, runny noses, and dry coughs.

(E) Another method for acquiring water is to lay a piece of plastic on the ground overnight.

(F) Trying unknown varieties of berries or other plants isn't a good idea because they may be poisonous.

野外求生

在野外如果发生不好的事要如何生存下去。

没人想在荒野里迷路或受困。虽然困在山边或在森林中迷路的机率很低，但学会在这种情况中如何求生对你绝对没有害处。这意味着你的生与死之间的差别。

如果你在荒野中迷了路，第一步就是先找个能遮风避雨的避难所。不论是洞穴、树洞，甚至大石头，都能拿来挡风。天气冷的时候，保持身体干燥是很重要的。湿衣服加上空气中的寒气，就可能成为荒野中的致命死因。湿透的手指或脚趾，只要在几分钟内就会形成冻伤。温度较高的时候，也存在另一种危险。一旦受到太阳直接曝晒，人很有可能中暑或脱水。

因为相较于没有水喝，没有食物可以让人撑得较久，所以必须尽快找到饮用水源。如果你靠近河边或湖边，在离岸边几呎以外的地面挖个小洞。这样就能有助于在喝水前先行过滤。另一个取得水源的方法，就是在地上放块塑料布，放一整个晚上。隔天早上，塑料布上搜集到的露水就能饮用。

如果你待在野外的时间比意料中来得长，就必须寻找食物。而寻找坚果类或莓果类有时会是最好的选择，但重要的是，自己熟悉的东西才能吃。乱吃不知名的野莓或其他植物都不是好主意，因为可能会中毒。

当然，在荒野中最好的求生法则就是未雨绸缪。如果知道可能会迷路，可以固定和某人保持联络。只要把自己的去向和计划告诉别人，就可以避免可能发生的灾难。

答案：  1.  C   2.  A   3.  E   4.  F   5.  B